Chapter 8 Matching Activity

African Americans who fled the South in search of better opportunities and treatment in the West after the Civil War.

Statutes discriminating against nonwhite Americans, particularly in the South. The term specifically refers to regulations enforcing racial segregation.

The period following the Civil War when radical Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policy, enacting legislation to protect the rights of Black citizens, especially the people recently freed from slavery.

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands, a government agency formed in 1865 and administered by the army in the area of the former Confederacy. It afforded aid and protection to freed people and assistance to poor white southerners.

Promoted the settlement of formerly enslaved people in the American colony of Liberia, in West Africa.

A university located in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1866 to offer higher education to African American students.

The practice of a tenant farming the landlord’s ground for a share of the crop, sold when the harvest came in. This was the only available form of employment to many formerly enslaved people in the post–Civil War South and became a way of maintaining wealthy white power, ensuring Black indebtedness and dependence on white landowners.

A massacre of captured U.S. troops, half of whom were Black, ordered by General Nathan Bedford Forrest when Fort Pillow fell to Confederate troops in the spring of 1864.

An 1868 constitutional amendment removing racial restrictions on citizenship and mandating equal justice before the law.

An 1865 constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery in the United States except as a punishment for a crime.

The separation of Black and white people into separate racial groups in daily life.

Native American name for the Black soldiers of the U.S. 9th and 10th Cavalry units. They served in the western territories and attempted to keep the peace between Native Americans and white settlers.